Springer Nature 

Springer Nature AG & Co. KGaA operates as a research, health, educational, and professional publisher worldwide. It publishes science, technical, and medical content through journals under the Nature and Springer brand to research and academic research libraries, libraries of research-intensive institutions, libraries at government agencies, and corporate libraries; books in prints in various types, including monographs, textbooks, proceeding, handbook series, reference works, briefs, and others; and eBook formats, as well as offers books online under the Springer and Palgrave Macmillan brand for authors. The company offers research solutions, consisting of research authors and services, scientific discovery and expert database offerings and services, and other solutions for organizations. In addition, it is involved in the publication and scientific communication services, and medical education and pharma sales force training materials; journal reprints and e-prints; customized published content and image collection; content and services for drug treatment education and devices and diagnostics; specialist information and services; publication, learning solutions, and services; and the provision of multi-specialty, online-only journal for the healthcare sector. Further, the company provides English language teaching and K12 curriculum; and engineering and management that focuses on publications, online information tools, and events for professionals in the areas of automotive, engineering, management, and materials sectors. The company was founded in 1842 and is headquartered in Berlin, Germany. Springer Nature AG & Co. KGaA is a subsidiary of GvH Vermögensverwaltungsgesellschaft Xxxiii mbH.