Springer Nature 

Springer Nature AG & Co. KGaA operates as a research, educational and professional publisher worldwide. It operates through four segments: research, health, educational, and professional. It publishes science, technical, and medical content through journals and books sells under the Nature Portfolio and Springer brand to research and academic research libraries, libraries of research-intensive institutions, libraries at government agencies, and corporate libraries; books in prints in various types, including monographs, textbooks, proceeding, handbook series, reference works, briefs, and others; and eBook formats, as well as offers books online under the Springer and Palgrave Macmillan brands. The company also offers research solutions, consisting of research authors and services, scientific discovery and expert database offerings and services, and other solutions for organizations. In addition, it is involved content and services for drug treatment education and devices and diagnostics; specialist information and services; publication, learning solutions, and services; and the provision of multi-specialty, online-only journal for the healthcare sector. Further, the company provides English language teaching and K12 curriculum; information and services for professionals in the automotive, engineering, management, and materials sectors. The company was founded in 1842 and is headquartered in Berlin, Germany. Springer Nature AG & Co. KGaA is a subsidiary of GvH Vermögensverwaltungsgesellschaft Xxxiii mbH.