Aurubis 

Headquartered in Hamburg, Germany, Aurubis AG specializes in the advanced processing of metal concentrates and diverse recycling materials. The company's operations leverage a broad array of inputs, encompassing various scrap metals, both organic and inorganic metal-bearing recycled substances, and industrial residues. Aurubis manufactures an extensive range of semi-finished copper products, including wire rods, specialized wires, custom shapes, bars, profiles, and rolled goods for industrial and architectural applications. Beyond copper, it extracts and produces a diverse portfolio of other valuable metals such as gold, silver, lead, lead-bismuth alloy, lead-antimony litharge, tellurium in metallic form, and tellurium dioxide. A significant part of its business involves the comprehensive recycling of copper, copper scrap, various alloy scraps, other general recycling materials, precious metals, and additional non-ferrous metals. The company also generates important by-products like sulfuric acid, iron-silicate, smelter intermediates, and selenium. These multifaceted processes transform purchased copper and copper alloy scrap, electronic waste, and industrial residues into numerous valuable products. Established in 1866, the company, initially known as Norddeutsche Affinerie AG, formally adopted its current name, Aurubis AG, in April 2009.